Subconsciousness

This is an actual photo of an iceberg. This came from a rig manager for Global Marine Drilling in St. Johns, Newfoundland. They actually have to divert the path of these things away from the rig by towing them with ships! Anyway, in this particular case the water was calm & the sun was almost directly overhead so that the diver was able to get into the water and take this picture. They estimated the weight at 300,000,000 tons.

最近在紐西蘭海上飄呀飄的冰山一角 (A43)，讓我對於意識是什麼的好奇又再度浮上了心頭。不過這個冰塊也飄了六年，從南極一路飄到紐西蘭...如果可以住在上面...那會是個怎麼樣的體驗？

In psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious refers to that part of mental functioning of which subjects make themselves unaware. The psychoanalytic unconscious is similar to but not precisely the same as the popular notion of the subconscious. However, in the modern field of personal development the terms 'unconscious mind' and 'subconscious mind' are often interchangeable.

For psychoanalysis, the unconscious does not include all of what is simply not conscious — it does not include e.g. motor skills — but rather, only what is actively repressed from conscious thought.

As defined by Sigmund Freud, the psyche is composed of different levels of consciousness, often defined in three parts as

• the preconscious
• the waking consciousness
• and beneath both of these, the unconscious.

Mathieu

William Allaudin Mathieu (b. 1937) is a composer, pianist, choir director, music teacher, and author. He studied Indian vocal music with Pandit Pran Nath. Early in his career he worked as an arranger for Stan Kenton. He was the original director of the Sufi Choir founded in 1969 in San Francisco among followers of Samuel L. Lewis.

His books include:

• The Listening Book (1991) Shambhala. ISBN 0-87773-610-3.
• Harmonic Experience: Tonal Harmony from Its Natural Origins to Its Modern Expression (1997) Inner Traditions Intl Ltd. ISBN 0-89281-560-4.

Harmonic Experience is an autodidactic ear-training and sight-singing book that uses singing sargam syllables over a drone in a just intonation system based on perfect fifths and major thirds.

Recreation

Recreation is the use of time in a non-profitable way, in many ways also a therapeutic refreshment of one's body or mind. While leisure is more likely a form of entertainment or rest, recreation is active for the participant but in a refreshing and diverting manner. As people in the world's wealthier regions lead increasingly sedentary life styles, the need for recreation has grown. The rise of so called active vacations exemplifies this trend.

偶然瞥見這群假日還要來上課的機械所學生，拿著太陽能車的材料玩了起來...很多時候，玩得開心比什麼都重要

Measure in Love

這 段時間，不斷思索很多基本的價值，很多被扭曲的價值，包括『時間』本身。一趟旅遊，無論是走到哪裡，卻還是看著手錶，月台上的時刻表。無時間的狀態理當是 旅行的意義之一，然而，時間這個概念性的理念卻已經在現代社會被統一了。愛因斯坦的相對論也用了這樣的比喻作為與大眾溝通的橋樑：熱鍋上的螞蟻以及與美女 相伴的談話。創造價值是這個社會的基本信念，但，宏觀來說，地球環境無疑是這場人類遊戲最大的受害者。於是，Gaia 這樣的神話會出現在現在這樣的社會裡，自然並非反撲，是一種趨向平衡的動態表現。

Victim Games

The justification for emotional blackmail is often dependence - the abuser may be afraid to lose something important that the victim provides. An abuser may:

1. Withhold essential information
2. Contradict the victim's perspective
3. Disguise abuse as humor
4. Block the victim's goals
5. Install limiting beliefs
6. Trivialize thoughts and achievements
7. Make threats to increase power
8. Forget promises, agreements or previous discussions
9. Invalidate the victim's reality and perceptions
10. Express anger to release tension and feel powerful

Widok z ziarnkiem piasku

我們稱它為一粒沙，
但它既不自稱為粒，也不自稱為沙。
沒有名字，它照樣過得很好，不管是一般的，獨特的，
永久的，短暫的，謬誤的，或貼切的名字。

它不需要我們的瞥視和觸摸。
它並不覺得自己被注視和觸摸。
它掉落在窗台上這個事實
只是我們的，而不是它的經驗。
對它而言，這和落在其他地方並無兩樣，
不確定它已完成墜落
或者還在墜落中。

窗外是美麗的湖景，
但風景不會自我觀賞。
它存在這個世界，無色，無形，
無聲，無臭，又無痛。

湖底其實無底，湖岸其實無岸。
湖水既不覺自己濕，也不覺自己乾，
對浪花本身而言，既無單數也無複數。
它們聽不見自己飛濺於
無所謂小或大的石頭上的聲音。

這一切都在本無天空的天空下，
落日根本未落下，
不躲不藏地躲在一朵不由自主的雲後。
風吹縐雲朵，理由無他——
風在吹。

一秒鐘過去，第二秒鐘過去，第三秒。
但唯獨對我們它們才是三秒鐘。

時光飛逝如傳遞緊急訊息的信差。
然而那只不過是我們的明喻。
人物是捏造的，急促是虛擬的，
訊息與人無涉。

InterAction

Interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction, as opposed to a one-way causal effect. Combinations of many simple interactions can lead to surprising emergent phenomena. Interaction has different tailored meanings in various sciences.

Casual examples of interaction outside of science include:

• communication of any sort, for example two or more people talking to each other, or communication among groups, organisations, nations or states: trade, migration, foreign relations, transportation,
• the feedback during the operation of machines such as a computer or tool, for example the interaction between a driver and the position of his or her car on the road: by steering the driver influences this position, by observation this information returns to the driver.

Search

1. To make a thorough examination of; look over carefully in order to find something; explore.

2. To make a careful examination or investigation of; probe: search one's conscience for the right solution to the problem.

3. To make a thorough check of (a legal document); scrutinize: search a title.

4.

a. To examine in order to find something lost or concealed.

b. To examine the person or personal effects of in order to find something lost or concealed.

5. To come to know; learn.

The Silly of Crowds

在『群眾的智慧』一書裡提到，要形成「智慧群眾」必須具備四大特質：

一、意見多元化--私自資訊人人有

二、思考獨立性--自作主張個個能

三、分構系統化--全體貢獻一起來

四、集體作決策--統合機制大家用

台灣的選舉有展現出哪些特質呢？選民究竟在選戰開始多久後決定？增加曝光率的蠢事可以避免了，那是一種心靈的污染。

Learning

Learning is the process of gaining understanding that leads to the modification of attitudes and behaviours through the acquisition of knowledge, skills and values, through study and experience. Learning causes a change of behavior that is persistent, measurable, and specified or allows an individual to formulate a new mental construct or revise a prior mental construct (conceptual knowledge such as attitudes or values). It is a process that depends on experience and leads to long-term changes in behavior potential. Behavior potential describes the possible behavior of an individual (not actual behavior) in a given situation in order to achieve a goal. But potential is not enough; if individual learning is not periodically reinforced, it becomes shallower and shallower, and eventually will be lost in that individual.

Serendipity

Serendipity is the effect by which one accidentally discovers something fortunate, especially while looking for something else entirely. The word derives from an old Persian fairy tale and was coined by Horace Walpole on 28 January 1754 in a letter he wrote to his friend Horace Mann (not the same man as the famed American educator) an Englishman then living in Florence. The letter read,

"I once read a silly fairy tale, called The Three Princes of Serendip: as their highnesses travelled, they were always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not in quest of: for instance, one of them discovered that a mule blind of the right eye had travelled the same road lately, because the grass was eaten only on the left side, where it was worse than on the right—now do you understand serendipity? One of the most remarkable instances of this accidental sagacity (for you must observe that no discovery of a thing you are looking for, comes under this description) was of my Lord Shaftsbury, who happening to dine at Lord Chancellor Clarendon's, found out the marriage of the Duke of York and Mrs. Hyde, by the respect with which her mother treated her at table."

Back

he human back is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body

Pattern

A pattern is a form, template, or model (or, more abstractly, a set of rules) which can be used to make or to generate things or parts of a thing, especially if the things that are generated have enough in common for the underlying pattern to be inferred or discerned, in which case the things are said to exhibit the pattern. Pattern matching is the act of checking for the presence of the constituents of a pattern. The detection of underlying patterns is called pattern recognition. The question of how patterns arise naturally is dealt with by the scientific field of pattern formation.

Some patterns (for example, many visual patterns) may be directly observable through the senses.

Some patterns are named. Simple decorative examples are stripes and zigzags. Further examples include the regular tiling of a plane, echoes, and balanced binary branching.

Gift as Present

A gift or present is the transfer of money, goods, etc., without the direct compensation that is involved in trade, although possibly involving a social expectation of reciprocity, or a return in the form of prestige or power. In many human societies, the act of mutually exchanging gifts contributes to social cohesion. Economists have elaborated the economics of gift-giving into the notion of a gift economy.

By extension the term gift can refer to anything that makes the other more happy or less sad, especially as a favour, including forgiveness and kindness (even when the other is not kind).

Twinkling

Scintillation or twinkling are generic terms for rapid variations in apparent brightness or color of a distant luminous object viewed through the atmosphere.

If the object lies outside the earth's atmosphere, as in the case of stars and planets, the phenomenon is termed astronomical scintillation; if the luminous source lies within the atmosphere, the phenomenon is termed terrestrial scintillation.

Symbiosis

Symbiosis (pl. symbioses)(from the Greek words syn = with/plus and bio = life) is an interaction between two organisms when at least one benefits. The term host is usually used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis. The smaller (micro) member is called the symbiont (plural: symbionts), or alternately, symbiote (plural: symbiotes). When a microscopic symbiont lives inside the cells of a host, it is referred to as an endosymbiont.

Proxemics

The term proxemics was introduced by anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1963 to describe the measurable distances between people as they interacted. They are body spacing and posture that are unintentional.Hall pointed out that social distance between people is reliably correlated with physical distance, and described four distances:

1. intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering (15-45 cm)
2. personal distance for interactions among good friends (45-120 cm)
3. social distance for interactions among acquaintances (1.2-3.5 m)
4. public distance used for public speaking (over 3.5 m)

Hall pointed out that different cultures maintain different standards of personal space. In Latin cultures, for instance, those relative distances are smaller, and people tend to be more comfortable standing close to each other; in Nordic cultures the opposite is true. Realizing and recognizing these cultural differences improves cross-cultural understanding, and helps eliminate discomfort people may feel if the interpersonal distance is too large ("stand-offish") or too small (intrusive).

Distance

Hidden Inside

Personal space is the region surrounding each person, or that area which a person considers his domain or territory. Often if entered by another being without this being desired, it makes them feel uncomfortable. The amount of space a being (person, plant, animal) needs falls into two categories, immediate individual physical space (determined by imagined boundaries), and the space an individual considers theirs to live in (often called habitat). These are dependent on many things, such as growth needs, habits, courtships, etc.

What distance is appropriate for a particular social situation depends on culture. It is also a matter of personal preference. People may feel uncomfortable if the distance is too large (cold) or too small (intrusive). It may be due to the limited available space, different cultural standards, physical intimacy, interpersonal relationships, or some form of rudeness. Permission is often expected if the intrusion is unexpected. Many customs are centered around just this particular issue.

Frame

Frames, according to many psychologists, linguists and cognitive scientists, are mental structures that are used to facilitate the thinking process. We use frames to provide categories and a structure to our thoughts. An example of this concept is George Lakoff's "Dont Think of an Elephant!" Lakoff, in teaching his Cognitive Science 101 course at the University of California, Berkeley gives his students a directive: DO NOT THINK OF AN ELEPHANT! According to Lakoff, it is impossible not to think of an elephant. The mere mention of the word "elephant" provokes an image and an accompanying frame.

Mapo Doufu

Red Queen Effect

"A slow sort of country !" said the Queen. "Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at twice as fast as that !"

The Red Queen's Hypothesis, Red Queen, "Red Queen's race" or "Red Queen Effect" is an evolutionary hypothesis to explain two different phenomena: the advantage of sex at the level of individuals, and the constant evolutionary arms race between competing species. In the first (microevolutionary) version, by making every individual an experiment when mixing mother's and father's genes, sex may allow a species to adapt quickly just to hold onto the ecological niche that it already has in the ecosystem. In the second (macroevolutionary) version, the probability of extinction for groups (usually families) of organisms is hypothesized to be constant within the family and random between families.

Observation

Observation is an activity of a sapient or sentient living being, which senses and assimiliates the knowledge of a phenomenon in its framework of previous knowledge and ideas.

However, personal observations gathered without the aid of instruments are often unreliable and not always reproducible. Therefore they are not of much use in exact sciences like physics. It is therefore often necessary to use various instruments like: spectrometers, oscilloscopes, cameras, telescopes, interferometers, taperecorders, thermometers etc. and tools like clocks, scale that help in improving the accuracy, quality and utility of the information obtained from an observation. Observation invariably requires logical thinking as logic is necessary for assimiliation of the knowledge that is presented by an observation.

The accuracy and tremendous success of science is primarily attributed to the accuracy and objectivity of observation of the reality that science explores.

It is uncertain that reality can be observed at all.

St. Peter's Square vs. Place de la Concorde

Simple Again

葛拉漢與羅素的心聲：「今年，是空中補給成軍30週年，也是極具回顧意義的一年。至今我們從未錄製過不插電專輯，然而這正是我們的起步—純粹的吉他與歌聲。這段遠超乎我們想像的美好旅程，是從這裡開始的，如同山峰、河谷、光、影組成了生命中的美麗風景，這些音樂是我們生命中最珍愛的時刻。我們希望與你分享，一切，反璞歸真。」

Reality

Fleeting

Right Moment

Metaphysics

Metaphysics (from Greek: μετά (meta) = "after", φύσικα (phúsika) = "those on nature", derived from the arrangement of Aristotle's works in antiquity) is the branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the nature of the world. It is the study of being or reality.It addresses questions such as: What is the nature of reality? Is there a God? What is man's place in the universe?

A central branch of metaphysics is ontology, the investigation into what categories of things are in the world and what relations these things bear to one another. The metaphysician also attempts to clarify the notions by which people understand the world, including existence, objecthood, property, space, time, causality, and possibility.

More recently, the term "metaphysics" has also been used to refer to "subjects which are beyond the physical world". A "metaphysical bookstore," for instance, is not one that sells books on ontology, but rather one that sells books on spirits, faith healing, crystal power, occultism, and other such topics.

Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis III is a woodcut print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher which was created between 1967 and 1968. Measuring 7 1/2 x 268”, this is Escher’s largest print and most likely the largest print ever made. It was printed on thirty-three blocks on six combined sheets and mounted on canvas. This print was partly coloured by hand.

It begins identically to Metamorphosis II, with the word metamorphose forming a grid pattern and then becoming a black-and-white checkered pattern. Then the first set of new imagery begins. The angles of the checkered pattern change to elongated diamond shapes. These then become an image of flowers with bees. This image then returns to the diamond pattern and back into the chequered pattern.

It then resumes with the Metamorphosis II imagery until the bird pattern. The birds then become sailing boats. From the sailing boats the image changes to a second fish pattern. Then from the fish to horses. The horses then become a second bird pattern. The second bird pattern then becomes black-and-white triangles which then become envelopes with wings. These winged envelopes then return to the black-and-white triangles and then to the original bird pattern. It then resumes with the Metamorphosis II print until its conclusion.

Infinite Corridor

The Infinite Corridor is the hallway, 251 meters (825 feet, 0.15625 miles, or just under 148 smoots) long, that runs through the main buildings of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, specifically parts of the buildings numbered 7, 3, 10, 4, and 8 (from west to east).

為什麼要走長廊？

　　抄近路可以很快到達目的地，走長廊可以想清楚到底要去哪裡。

　　走在漫漫長廊上，因為不需要找路或轉彎，沒有任何分心的事務，自然能把所有的感官從外界收回來，專注在內心的某一個思緒上。這就像人在巴士、飛機、跑步、游泳時，腦袋特別清楚。因為你的肢體無處可去，心靈只好被逼著探出頭來呼吸。

by 王文華

Contagion

‘Emotional contagion' is the tendency to express and feel emotions that are similar to and influenced by those of others. Emotional contagion may be involved in mob psychology crowd behaviors, like collective fear, disgust, or moral outrage, but also emotional interactions in smaller groups such as work negotiation, teaching and persuasion/propaganda contexts. It is also the phenomenon when a person (especially a child) appears distressed because another person is distressed, or happy because they are happy. The ability to transfer moods appears to be innate in humans.

Outer

Outer space, also simply called space, refers to the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. Outer space is used to distinguish it from airspace (and terrestrial locations). Contrary to popular understanding, outer space is not completely empty (i.e. a perfect vacuum) but contains a low density of particles, predominantly hydrogen gas, as well as electromagnetic radiation.

Pyramid Scheme

A pyramid scheme is a non-sustainable business model that involves the exchange of money primarily for enrolling other people into the scheme, usually without any product or service being delivered. Pyramid schemes have existed for at least a century. Matrix schemes use the same fraudulent non-sustainable system as a pyramid; here, the victims pay to join a waiting list for a desirable product which only a fraction of them can ever receive.

Food Parents

WaX

Wax has traditionally referred to a substance that is secreted by bees (beeswax) and used by them in constructing their honeycombs.

It is an imprecisely defined term generally understood to be a substance with properties similar to beeswax, namely

• plastic (malleable) at normal ambient temperatures
• a melting point above approximately 45 °C (113 °F)(which differentiates waxes from fats and oils)
• a relatively low viscosity when melted (unlike many plastics)
• insoluble in water
• hydrophobic

Waxes may be natural or artificial. In addition to beeswax, carnauba (a vegetable wax) and paraffin (a mineral wax) are commonly encountered waxes which occur naturally. Earwax is an oily substance found in the human ear. Some artificial materials that exhibit similar properties are also described as wax or waxy.

Coffee Bean

A coffee bean is the seed of the coffee plant. It is the stone inside the red or purple fruit of the coffee plant. The fruits, coffee cherries or coffee berries, contain most commonly two stones lying with their flat sides together. The coffee beans consists of mostly endosperm which contains 0.8 - 2.5 % caffeine, a main reason for cultivating the plants. Coffee beans are an important export product for some countries.

Coffee beans are botanically not beans. The name derives from Arabic language ( قهوة‎ qahwa - "coffee" and bunn - "berry") and is a Folk etymology and loan translation.

Herbert Simon

Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist specialized in the fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, economics, management, and philosophy of science and a professor, most notably, at Carnegie Mellon University. With almost a thousand, often very highly cited publications, he is one of the most influential social scientists of the 20th century.

Simon was not only a polymath, but a truly innovative thinker. He was among the founding fathers of several of today's most important scientific domains, including Artificial Intelligence, information processing, decision-making, problem-solving, attention economics, organization theory, complex systems, and computer simulation of scientific discovery. He coined the terms bounded rationality and satisficing, and was the first to analyse the architecture of complexity and to propose a preferential attachment mechanism to explain power law distributions.

Simon's genius and influence is evidenced by the many top-level honors he received later in life. These include: the ACM's Turing Award for making "basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing." (1975); the Nobel Memorial Prize "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations" (1978); the National Medal of Science (1986); and the APA's Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contributions to Psychology (1993).

Social Influence

Social influence is when the actions or thoughts of individual(s) are changed by other individual(s). Examples of social influence can be seen in socialization and peer pressure. This is the effect of other people on a person's behaviour.

An example would be movie stars, who don't (usually) possess any political power but are familiar to many of the world's citizens and therefore possess social status. They get a lot of media coverage, they are admired in television shows and they have many enthusiastic fans.

There are 3 components of social influence. They are:

1. Conformity : A type of social influence in which individuals change their attitudes or behaviour in order to adhere to existing social norms.
2. Compliance : A form of social influence involving direct request from one person to another.
3. Obedience : A form of social influence in which one person obeys direct orders from another to perform some action(s).

Structure

The structure of something is how the parts of it relate to each other, how "it is put together". This contrasts with process, which is how the things change and a structure is how they are connected.

Structure is the fundamental property of every system, see systemics. Every structure has to have its carrier physical system. On the other hand, a "pure" structure can be also considered as an abstract system.

Soundscape

A soundscape is an acoustic environment or an environment created by sound.
As such, it refers in the first place to the natural acoustic environment, consisting of the sounds of the forces of nature and animals, including humans. This is the domain of acoustic design (R. Murray Schafer).
There are different elements of the soundscape such as keynote sounds, sound signals, and soundmarks.
Keynote Sounds: This is a musical term that identifies the key of a piece, not always audible… the key might stray from the original, but it will return. The keynote sounds may not always be heard consciously, but they “outline the character of the people living there” (Schafer). They are created by nature (geography and climate): wind, water, forests, plains, birds, insects, animals. In many urban areas, traffic has become the keynote sound.
Sound Signals: These are foreground sounds, which are listened to consciously. Ex: warning devices, bells, whistles, horns, sirens, etc.
Soundmark: This is derived from the term landmark. A soundmark is a sound which is unique to an area. “Once a Soundmark has been identified, it deserves to be protected, for soundmarks make the acoustic life of a community unique” (Schafer).
Soundscapes are often combined with the performance of music.

Sonority

A sonority hierarchy or sonority scale is a ranking of speech sounds (or phones) by how much 'sound' they produce. For example, if you say the vowel [a], you will produce much more sound than if you say the plosive [t]. Sonority hierarchies are especially important when analyzing syllable structure; rules about what segments may appear in onsets or codas together, such as SSP, are formulated in terms of the difference of their sonority values. Some languages also have assimilation rules based on sonority hierarchy, for example, the Finnish potential mood (e.g. -tne- → -nne-).
Sonority hierarchies vary somewhat in which sounds are grouped together. The one below is fairly typical (1 indicates lowest sonority):

1. plosives
2. fricatives
3. nasals
4. liquids
5. high vowels
6. non-high vowels

2-class Classification

Reptiles

Ｓ nake

Laughter

Creative Common

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Profile

In standardization, a profile consists of an agreed-upon subset and interpretation of a specification. Many complex technical specifications have many optional features, such that two conforming implementations may not inter-operate due to choosing different sets of optional features to support. Even when no formal optional features exist within a standard, vendors will often fail to implement (or fail to implement correctly) functionality from the standard which they view as unimportant. In particular, implementations of standards on mobile devices often have significant limitations compared to their traditional desktop implementations, even if the standard which governs both permits such limitations. Also, some writers of standards sometimes produce vague or ambiguous specifications, often unintentionally, but sometimes by intention. The use of profiles can enforce one possible interpretation.

Involved is Interested

1. To contain as a part; include.

2. To have as a necessary feature or consequence; entail: was told that the job would involve travel. See Synonyms at include.

3. To engage as a participant; embroil: involved the bystanders in his dispute with the police.

4.

a. To connect closely and often incriminatingly; implicate: evidence that involved
the governor in the scandal.

b. To influence or affect: The matter is serious because
it involves your reputation.

5. To occupy or engage the interest of: a story that completely involved me for the rest of the evening.

6. To make complex or intricate; complicate.

7. To wrap; envelop: a castle that was involved in mist.

8. Archaic To wind or coil about.

I have a Dream

Is to Travel Round the World by Biking, Diving, Walking or others.

Behavioral Finance

Behavioral finance and behavioral economics are closely related fields which apply scientific research on human and social cognitive and emotional biases to better understand economic decisions and how they affect market prices, returns and the allocation of resources. The fields are primarily concerned with the rationality, or lack thereof, of economic agents. Behavioral models typically integrate insights from psychology with neo-classical economic theory.

Behavioral analyses are mostly concerned with the effects of market decisions, but also those of public choice, another source of economic decisions with some similar biases.